ACETYL-CHOLINE-RECEPTOR-ANTIBODIES (AChR Antibodies) Acetyl Choline Receptor Antibodies (AChR antibodies) are autoantibodies produced by the immune system that mistakenly attack acetylcholine receptors present at the neuromuscular junction. These receptors play a crucial role in transmitting nerve signals to muscles, enabling normal muscle contraction and movement. The presence of AChR...

What is ACA-IgM? ACA-IgM, also known as Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody IgM, is a blood test used to detect IgM antibodies directed against cardiolipin, a type of phospholipid found in cell membranes. The presence of these antibodies may indicate autoimmune activity in the body, particularly related to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This test is often performed as part of a broader...

ACA-IgA (Anti-Centromere Antibody Immunoglobulin A) is a specialized autoimmune blood test used to detect antibodies that target centromere proteins within the nucleus of cells. The presence of ACA-IgA is commonly associated with certain autoimmune connective tissue disorders, particularly limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome) and other autoimmune conditions. This test...

The Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) is an important blood test parameter that measures the exact number of lymphocytes present in the blood. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) that play a crucial role in the body’s immune defense system. The ALC test helps doctors assess immune function, detect infections, and monitor various medical conditions, including...

The ABPA Panel is a specialized diagnostic blood test used to identify Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), a hypersensitivity lung disorder caused by an exaggerated immune response to Aspergillus species, commonly Aspergillus fumigatus. This condition is most often seen in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis and can lead to progressive...

The 24-Hrs Urine Uric Acid test measures uric acid excretion in urine to evaluate gout, kidney stones, and metabolic disorders. The 24-Hrs Urine Uric Acid test is a diagnostic laboratory investigation used to measure the amount of uric acid excreted in urine over a full 24-hour period. Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, substances commonly found in...

Learn about the 24 Hrs Urine Protein test, its purpose, procedure, normal values, and clinical importance in detecting kidney disorders and monitoring health conditions. The 24-Hrs Urine Protein test is a diagnostic laboratory investigation used to measure the total amount of protein excreted in urine over a 24-hour period. This test plays a crucial role in evaluating kidney function...

Why is the 24-Hrs Urine Metanephrine Test Done? Doctors commonly recommend the 24-hour urine metanephrine test when symptoms suggest excessive production of adrenal hormones. It is primarily used to help diagnose or rule out conditions such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma—tumors that can cause abnormal hormone secretion. Common symptoms that may lead to this test include:...

24-Hrs Urine Creatinine is a laboratory test that measures the total amount of creatinine excreted in urine over a 24-hour period. Creatinine is a waste product formed from normal muscle metabolism and is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. This test plays a crucial role in evaluating kidney function, muscle mass, and overall renal health. The 24-hour urine creatinine test provides a...

The 24-Hrs Urine Copper test is a specialized diagnostic investigation used to measure the amount of copper excreted in urine over a 24-hour period. This test plays a crucial role in evaluating copper metabolism disorders and is especially helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions such as Wilson’s disease, chronic liver disorders, and certain neurological...